According to the problem of "energy hotspot" and poor system robustness in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), an Uneven Clustering protocol based on Odd-even round clustering and Double cluster head (UCOD) was proposed. Firstly, the competitive radius function was optimized to make the cluster head distribution more reasonable. Secondly, main and vice cluster head mechanism was introduced. The main cluster head slept when its energy was lower than the set energy threshold, and the vice cluster head carried out the functions of main and vice cluster heads to improve robustness. Then, different clustering mechanisms for odd and even rounds were adopted. In odd-numbered rounds, global nodes competed for cluster heads; and in even-numbered rounds cluster heads were selected in odd-numbered rounds; which could reduce nodes' energy consumption in cluster selection. Finally, the network was ranked and the node selected the relay node at the next level according to the location, energy, times of forwarding and the number of surrounding nodes. In the comparison experiments with DEBUC (Distributed Energy-Balanced Unequal Clustering routing protocol) and HRPNC (Hierarchical Routing Protocol for wireless sensor networks based on Non-uniform Clustering), the network cycle of UCOD was increased by 28.4% and 13.7% respectively, and the packet loss rate of UCOD was reduced by 39.1 and 27.5 percentage points at a cluster head damage of 50%. The experimental results show that UCOD can effectively improve energy efficiency and system robustness.